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Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands
:''See the article on Ultrajectinism for a more detailed description of historical and theological events.''
The Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands ((オランダ語:Oud-Katholieke Kerk van Nederland)) is the mother church of the Old Catholic Churches. It is sometimes called the Ancient Catholic Church, the Church of Utrecht (Ultrajectine Church) or the Dutch Roman Catholic Church of the Old Episcopal Order. In the past, Roman Catholic, especially Jesuit, critics tended to call it the "Jansenist Church of Holland".
== Early history ==
St. Willibrord evangelised the Northern parts of the Netherlands (above the Rhine), bringing Catholicism to the country, in the 7th century. The southern parts of the now so called Benelux were already evangelised from the 4th century, beginning with St. Servatius, bishop of Maastricht (†384). Willibrord had been consecrated by Pope Sergius I in 696 in Rome. In 1145 Pope Eugene III granted the cathedral chapter of Utrecht the right to elect bishops, after such had been requested by the Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III and Bishop Heribert of Utrecht. The Fourth Lateran Council confirmed this in 1215. Pope Leo X issued the papal bull ''Debitum Pastoralis'' in 1520 giving extraordinary powers to Philip of Burgundy, 57th Bishop of Utrecht, essentially removing the ability of any external authority to "in the first instance, have his cause evoked to any external tribunal, not even under pretense of any apostolic letters whatever; and that all such proceedings should be, ipso facto, null and void".
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